# Quickstart: The model framework¶

The global gradient-based groundwater model framework G³M-f is an extesible model framework. Its main purpose is to be used as a main bilding block for the global groundwater mode G³M. G³M is a newly developed gradient-based groundwater model which adapts MODFLOW [@harbaugh2005modflow] principles for the globalscale. It is written in C++ and intended to be coupled to the global hydraulic model WaterGAP (http://watergap.de), but can also be used for regional groundwater models and coupling to other hydraulic models. While it is intended to be used as a in memory coupled model it is also capable of running a standard standalone groundwater model.

## Getting Started¶

These instructions will get you a copy of the project up and running on your local machine for development and testing purposes.

### Prerequisites¶

clang >= 3.8 with openMP (currently gcc is not supported)
libboost >= 1.56
libGMP
libGtest

mkdir build
cd build
cmake ../
make

### How to use¶

Center building stone for the framework is the GW_interface connecting any model with the groundwater code. Implement this interface if you want to couple your model to G³M-f or build a custom standalone application.

class GW_Interface {
public:
virtual ~GW_Interface() {}

virtual void

virtual void
setupSimulation() = 0;

virtual void
writeData() = 0;

virtual void
simulate() = 0;
};

## Write out data¶

Writeout of data is specified by a JSON file called out.json. If you want to add custom fields you can do so in src/DataProcessing/DataOutput.

{
"output": {
"StaticResult": [
{
"name": "wtd",
"type": "csv",
"field": "DepthToWaterTable",
"ID": "false",
"position": "true"
}
],
"InnerIteration": {
},
"OuterIteration": {
}
}
}

## Config model¶

In order to configure the model variables you can simply change the .json file. Allowing you to change the convergence criteria and the location for your input files.

{
"config": {
"model_config": {
"nodes": "grid_simple.csv",
"row_cols": "true",
"numberofnodes": 100,
"layers": 2,
"confinement": [
"false",
"true"
],
"cache": "false",
"boundarycondition": "SeaLevel",
"sensitivity": "false"
},
"numerics": {
"solver": "PCG",
"iterations": 500,
"inner_itter": 10,
"closingcrit": 1e-8,
"damping": "false",
"min_damp": 0.01,
"max_damp": 0.5,
"stepsize": "daily"
},
"input": {
"data_config": {
"k_from_lith": "true",
"k_ocean_from_file": "false",
"specificstorage_from_file": "false",
"specificyield_from_file": "false",
"k_river_from_file": "true",
"aquifer_depth_from_file": "false",
"data_as_array": "false"
},
"default_data": {
"K": 0.008,
"oceanK": 800,
"aquifer_thickness": [
10,
10
],
"anisotropy": 10,
"specificyield": 0.15,
"specificstorage": 0.000015
},
"data": {
"recharge": "recharge_simple.csv",
"elevation": "elevation_simple.csv",
"rivers": "rivers_simple.csv",
"lithologie": "lithology_simple.csv",
"river_conductance": "rivers_simple.csv",
}
}
}
}

## Building a simple model¶

The following shows the code for a simple model loop running a steady-state model with daily timesteps.

void StandaloneRunner::simulate() {
Simulation::Stepper stepper = Simulation::Stepper(_eq, Simulation::DAY, 1);
for (Simulation::step step : stepper) {
LOG(userinfo) << "Running a steady state step";
step.first->solve();
sim.printMassBalances();
}
DataProcessing::DataOutput::OutputManager("data/out_simple.json", sim).write();
//sim.save();
}

## Deployment in other models¶

Just implement the GW_interface and provide a DataReader.

## Running the tests¶

Automated tests consits of gunit test which are compiled automatically with the attached cmake file. You can run them by executing the test executable.

runUnitTests

### Running a simple model¶

The following picture shows the conceptual example model:

After compilation run:

simple_model

It will yield a depth to water table CSV file called wtd.csv for a simple model.

## Contributing¶

Please read CONTRIBUTING.md for details on our code of conduct, and the process for submitting pull requests to us.

## Versioning¶

We use SemVer for versioning. For the versions available, see the tags on this repository.

## Authors and Contributors¶

• Robert Reinecke - Initial work

# G³M framework¶

The following describes the classes and modules that G³M provides for building a groundwater model. The framework is separated into 6 packages:

• DataProcessing
• Logging
• Misc
• Model
• Simulation
• Solver

In order to implement any model the following interface has to be implemented:

class GlobalFlow::GW_Interface

Main interface to the groundwater model.

Interface to the groundwater simulation Implement me!

Subclassed by GlobalFlow::GlobalStandaloneRunner, GlobalFlow::StandaloneRunner

Public Functions

virtual GlobalFlow::GW_Interface~GW_Interface()

Read general simulation settings e.g. Options

virtual void GlobalFlow::GW_InterfacesetupSimulation() = 0

Do additional work required for a running simulation

virtual void GlobalFlow::GW_InterfacewriteData() = 0

How should the data be written out

void GlobalFlow::GW_InterfacesetupCallBack(Callback callback)

Set up the calback for model coupling Could be inefficient

Parameters
• callback: a callback function

virtual void GlobalFlow::GW_Interfacesimulate() = 0

Simulate/Run the model

## DataProcessing¶

Data processing is mainly concerned with providing utilities for reading in data (DataReader) or writing out data. New types of outputs can be implemented in the OutputFactory.

Interface that needs to be implemented for reading in required data for the model.

Public Functions

Virt destructor -> interface

Initialize internal ref to node vetor.

Parameters
• nodes: The vector of nodes

Entry point for reading simulation data.

Attention
This method needs to be implemented!
Note
readData() is called by simulation at startup
Parameters
• op: Options object

template <class Fun>
void GlobalFlow::DataReaderloopFiles(std::string path, std::vector<std::string> files, Fun fun)

Generic method for looping through files inside a directory and applying a generic function.

Parameters
• path: the directory
• files: a vector of files
• fun: a function that is applied e.g. reading the data

Check weather id exists in the simulation.

Return
i the position in the node vector
Parameters
• globid: Global identifier, can be different from position in node vector

template <class ProcessDataFunction>

Read data from a two-column csv file and apply function to data.

Parameters
• path: to the csv file
• processData: A processing function e.g. upscaling of data

Creates a mapping of 0.5° ArcIDs to a list of contained 5’ GlobIDs.

Parameters
• path: to file

provides acccess to mapping of different resolutions

Return
<ARCID(0.5°), vector<GlobalID(5’)>>

provides access to mapping of data ids to position in node vector

Return
<GlobalID, ID>

Builds a corect path from the base dir.

Return
A path based on the base dir
Parameters
• path: The relative path from the config

### DataOutput¶

FieldCollector

enum GlobalFlow::DataProcessing::DataOutput::FieldType

What kind of data is collected Internal data fields that can be written out.

Values:

GlobalFlow::DataProcessing::DataOutputID

Internal position

GlobalFlow::DataProcessing::DataOutputARCID

Data ID

GlobalFlow::DataProcessing::DataOutputAREA

Area of the node

GlobalFlow::DataProcessing::DataOutputCONDUCT

Hydraulic conductivity of the node

GlobalFlow::DataProcessing::DataOutputELEVATION

Elevation of the node

GlobalFlow::DataProcessing::DataOutputSLOPE

Slope in the node

GlobalFlow::DataProcessing::DataOutputX
GlobalFlow::DataProcessing::DataOutputY

Postion of the node in X and Y

GlobalFlow::DataProcessing::DataOutputIN
GlobalFlow::DataProcessing::DataOutputOUT

All in and outflows

GlobalFlow::DataProcessing::DataOutputEQ_FLOW

Lateral flows based on the equilibrium head

GlobalFlow::DataProcessing::DataOutputLATERAL_FLOW

Sum of all lateral flows of node

GlobalFlow::DataProcessing::DataOutputLATERAL_OUT_FLOW

Only lateral out flows

GlobalFlow::DataProcessing::DataOutputWETLANDS

Is there a wetland?

GlobalFlow::DataProcessing::DataOutputLAKES

Is there a lake?

GlobalFlow::DataProcessing::DataOutputRECHARGE

GW recharge rate

GlobalFlow::DataProcessing::DataOutputDYN_RIVER

Is there a dynamic river?

GlobalFlow::DataProcessing::DataOutputNODE_VELOCITY

Velocity of lateral gw flow

GlobalFlow::DataProcessing::DataOutputRIVER_OUT

Outflow to river

GlobalFlow::DataProcessing::DataOutputRIVER_IN

Inflow from river

GlobalFlow::DataProcessing::DataOutputWTD

Depth to groundwater table based on elevation

GlobalFlow::DataProcessing::DataOutputRIVER_CONDUCT

Conductance of riverbed

GlobalFlow::DataProcessing::DataOutputDRAIN_CONDUCT

Conductance of drainbed

GlobalFlow::DataProcessing::DataOutputWETLAND_CONDUCT

Conductance of wetland

GlobalFlow::DataProcessing::DataOutputGL_WETLAND_CONDUCT

Conductance of global wetland

GlobalFlow::DataProcessing::DataOutputLAKE_CONDUCT

Conductance of lake

GlobalFlow::DataProcessing::DataOutputOCEAN_OUT

Boundary condition outflow

GlobalFlow::DataProcessing::DataOutputGL_WETLAND_OUT

Global wetland outflow

GlobalFlow::DataProcessing::DataOutputWETLAND_OUT

Wetland outflow

GlobalFlow::DataProcessing::DataOutputLAKE_OUT

Lake outflow

GlobalFlow::DataProcessing::DataOutputGL_WETLAND_IN

Global wetland inflow

GlobalFlow::DataProcessing::DataOutputWETLAND_IN

Wetland inflow

GlobalFlow::DataProcessing::DataOutputLAKE_IN

Lake inflow

GlobalFlow::DataProcessing::DataOutputNON_VALID
class GlobalFlow::DataProcessing::DataOutput::FieldCollector

Iterates over internal fields and searches for data to be written out This is currently relatively inefficient

Public Types

using GlobalFlow::DataProcessing::DataOutput::FieldCollectorpos_v = std::vector<std::pair<double, double>>

Public Functions

GlobalFlow::DataProcessing::DataOutput::FieldCollectorFieldCollector(FieldType enumField)

The constructor

Parameters
• enumField: What data should be collected

GlobalFlow::DataProcessing::DataOutput::FieldCollectorFieldCollector()

Note
Should not be used

pos_v GlobalFlow::DataProcessing::DataOutput::FieldCollectorgetPositions(Simulation::Simulation const &simulation)

get the positions of the nodes

Return
A vector of positions
Parameters
• simulation: The simulation

std::vector<large_num> GlobalFlow::DataProcessing::DataOutput::FieldCollectorgetIds(Simulation::Simulation const &simulation)

Get the data ids of the nodes.

Return
A vector of IDs
Parameters
• simulation: The simulation

template <typename T>
data_vector<T> GlobalFlow::DataProcessing::DataOutput::FieldCollectorget(Simulation::Simulation const &simulation)

Collects the data from simulation nodes

Note
Relatively inefficient currently
Return
The collected data
Parameters
• simulation: The simulation

OutputFactory

template <typename T>
class GlobalFlow::DataProcessing::DataOutput::OutputInterface

Writes data to a file

Public Functions

virtual GlobalFlow::DataProcessing::DataOutput::OutputInterface~OutputInterface()
virtual void GlobalFlow::DataProcessing::DataOutput::OutputInterfacewrite(path filePath, bool printID, bool printXY, std::vector<T> data, pos_v p, a_vector ids) = 0

Needs to be implemented

Parameters
• filePath:
• printID: Bool
• printXY: Bool
• data: Data vector
• p: Position vector

template <typename T>
class GlobalFlow::DataProcessing::DataOutput::CSVOutput

Writes data to a CSV file

Public Functions

void GlobalFlow::DataProcessing::DataOutput::CSVOutputwrite(path filePath, bool printID, bool printXY, std::vector<std::pair<double, double>> data, pos_v p, a_vector ids)
void GlobalFlow::DataProcessing::DataOutput::CSVOutputwrite(path filePath, bool printID, bool printXY, std::vector<bool> data, pos_v p, a_vector ids)
void GlobalFlow::DataProcessing::DataOutput::CSVOutputwrite(path filePath, bool printID, bool printXY, std::vector<double> data, pos_v p, a_vector ids)
void GlobalFlow::DataProcessing::DataOutput::CSVOutputwrite(path filePath, bool printID, bool printXY, std::vector<std::string> data, pos_v p, a_vector ids)
template <typename T>
class GlobalFlow::DataProcessing::DataOutput::NETCDFOutput

Writes data to a NETCDF file

Public Functions

void GlobalFlow::DataProcessing::DataOutput::NETCDFOutputwrite(path filePath, bool printID, bool printXY, std::vector<T> data, pos_v p, a_vector ids)

Needs to be implemented

Parameters
• filePath:
• printID: Bool
• printXY: Bool
• data: Data vector
• p: Position vector

template <typename T>
class GlobalFlow::DataProcessing::DataOutput::GFS_JSONOutput

Public Functions

void GlobalFlow::DataProcessing::DataOutput::GFS_JSONOutputwrite(path filePath, bool printID, bool printXY, std::vector<T> data, pos_v p, a_vector ids)

Needs to be implemented

Parameters
• filePath:
• printID: Bool
• printXY: Bool
• data: Data vector
• p: Position vector

template <typename T>
class GlobalFlow::DataProcessing::DataOutput::OutputFactory

Public Static Functions

static OutputInterface<T> *GlobalFlow::DataProcessing::DataOutput::OutputFactorygetOutput(OutputType type)

OutputManager

class GlobalFlow::DataProcessing::DataOutput::OutputManager

Public Functions

GlobalFlow::DataProcessing::DataOutput::OutputManagerOutputManager(path output_spec_path, Simulation::Simulation const &sim)
void GlobalFlow::DataProcessing::DataOutput::OutputManagerwrite()

Visits all registered output options and triggers write.

## Logging¶

class GlobalFlow::Logging::Logger

Inherits from GlobalFlow::Logging::LoggerInterface

Public Functions

GlobalFlow::Logging::LoggerLogger()

## Misc¶

Contains some deprecated helpers for iterating different grid solutions not documented here.

Functions

void NANChecker(const double &value, std::string message)
double roundValue(double valueToRound)
template <typename T, typename… Args>
std::unique_ptr<T> make_unique(Args&&... args)
template <class T>
Is<T> is(T d)
class NANInSolutionException

Inherits from exception

Private Functions

virtual const char *NANInSolutionExceptionwhat() const
class InfInSolutionException

Inherits from exception

Private Functions

virtual const char *InfInSolutionExceptionwhat() const
template <class T>
struct Is
#include <Helpers.hpp>

Public Functions

bool Isin(T a)
template <class Arg, class… Args>
bool Isin(Arg a, Args... args)

Public Members

T Isd_
class Position

Public Functions

PositionPosition(double lat, double lon)

Public Members

const double Positionlat = {0}
const double Positionlon = {0}

## Model¶

ExternalFlow

class GlobalFlow::Model::ExternalFlow

Public Functions

GlobalFlow::Model::ExternalFlowExternalFlow(int id, FlowType type, t_meter flowHead, t_s_meter_t cond, t_meter bottom)
GlobalFlow::Model::ExternalFlowExternalFlow(int id, t_vol_t recharge, FlowType type)

Only for RECHARGE FAST_SURFACE_RUNOFF

GlobalFlow::Model::ExternalFlowExternalFlow(int id, t_meter flowHead, t_meter bottom, t_vol_t evapotrans)

Constructor for Evapotranspiration.

Return
Parameters
• id:
• bottom:
• evapotrans:

Check if flow can be calculated on the right hand side

Return
Bool
Parameters

t_s_meter_t GlobalFlow::Model::ExternalFlowgetP(t_meter head, t_meter eq_head, t_vol_t recharge, t_dim slope, t_vol_t eqFlow) const

The head dependant part of the external flow equation

Return
Parameters
• recharge: The current recharge
• slope:
• eqFlow:

t_vol_t GlobalFlow::Model::ExternalFlowgetQ(t_meter head, t_meter eq_head, t_vol_t recharge, t_dim slope, t_vol_t eqFlow) const

The head independant part of the external flow equation

Return
Parameters
• recharge:
• slope:
• eqFlow:

FlowType GlobalFlow::Model::ExternalFlowgetType() const
t_meter GlobalFlow::Model::ExternalFlowgetBottom() const
t_vol_t GlobalFlow::Model::ExternalFlowgetRecharge() const
t_s_meter_t GlobalFlow::Model::ExternalFlowgetConductance() const
int GlobalFlow::Model::ExternalFlowgetID() const
void GlobalFlow::Model::ExternalFlowsetMult(double mult)

FluidMechanics

class GlobalFlow::Model::FluidMechanics

Provides helper functions for conductance calulcations

Public Functions

GlobalFlow::Model::FluidMechanicsFluidMechanics()
t_meter GlobalFlow::Model::FluidMechanicscalcDeltaV(t_meter head, t_meter elevation, t_meter depth)

Used to calculate if a cell is dry

quantity<MeterSquaredPerTime> GlobalFlow::Model::FluidMechanicscalculateHarmonicMeanConductance(FlowInputHor flow)

Calculates the horizontal flow between two nodes.

Return
A weighted conductance value for the flow between two nodes Calculates the harmonic mean conductance between two nodes. $C = 2 EdgeLenght_1 { (TR_1 TR_2)}{(TR_1 EdgeLenght_1 + TR_2 EdgeLenght_2)}$
Parameters
• flow: a touple of inputs about the aquifer

double GlobalFlow::Model::FluidMechanicssmoothFunction__NWT(t_meter elevation, t_meter verticalSize, t_meter head)

Simple smoother function to buffer iteration steps in NWT approach

Return
Parameters
• elevation:
• verticalSize:

quantity<MeterSquaredPerTime> GlobalFlow::Model::FluidMechanicsgetHCOF(bool steadyState, quantity<Dimensionless> stepModifier, t_s_meter storageCapacity, t_s_meter_t P)

Get the coeffiecients for storage and P components

Return
HCOF
Parameters
• stepModifier:
• storageCapacity:
• P:

quantity<MeterSquaredPerTime> GlobalFlow::Model::FluidMechanicscalculateVerticalConductance(FlowInputVert flow)

Calculates the vertical flow between two nodes

Return
the vertical conductance
Parameters
• flow: a touple of inputs about the aquifer

double GlobalFlow::Model::FluidMechanicsgetDerivate__NWT(t_meter elevation, t_meter verticalSize, t_meter head)

Calculate derivates for NWT approach

Return
Parameters
• elevation:
• verticalSize:

NodeInterface

class GlobalFlow::Model::NodeInterface

Interface defining required fields for a node. A node is the central comutational and spatial unit. A simulated area is seperated into a discrete raster of cells or nodes (seperate computational units which stay in contact to ech other). Is equal to ‘cell’.

Nodes can be of different physical property e.g. different size.

Public Functions

GlobalFlow::Model::NodeInterfaceNodeInterface(NodeVector nodes, double lat, double lon, t_s_meter area, large_num ArcID, large_num ID, t_vel K, int stepModifier, double aquiferDepth, double anisotropy, double specificYield, double specificStorage, bool confined)

Constructor of abstract class NodeInterface.

Parameters
• nodes: Vector of all other existing nodes
• lat: The latitude
• lon: The Longitude
• area: Area in m²
• ArcID: Unique ARC-ID specified by Kassel
• ID: Internal ID = Position in vector
• K: Hydraulic conductivity in meter/day (default)
• stepModifier: Modfies default step size of day (default=1)
• aquiferDepth: Vertical size of the cell
• anisotropy: Modifier for vertical conductivity based on horizontal
• specificYield: Yield of storage for dewatered conditions
• specificStorage: Specific storage - currently for confined and unconfined
• confined: Is node in a confined layer

virtual GlobalFlow::Model::NodeInterface~NodeInterface()
large_num GlobalFlow::Model::NodeInterfacegetID()
void GlobalFlow::Model::NodeInterfacesetElevation(t_meter elevation)

Set elevation on top layer and propagate to lower layers.

Parameters
• elevation: The top elevation (e.g. from DEM)

void GlobalFlow::Model::NodeInterfacesetSlope(double slope_percent)

Set slope from data on all layers Slope input is in % but is required as absolut thus: slope = sloper_percent / 100.

Parameters
• slope:

void GlobalFlow::Model::NodeInterfacesetEfold(double efold)

Set e-folding factor from data on all layers.

Parameters
• e-fold:

Parameters

FlowInputHor GlobalFlow::Model::NodeInterfacecreateDataTuple(map_itter got)
FlowInputVert GlobalFlow::Model::NodeInterfacecreateDataTuple(map_itter got)
t_vol_t GlobalFlow::Model::NodeInterfacecalcLateralFlows(bool onlyOut)

Calculate the lateral groundwater flow to the neighbouring nodes Generic function used for calulating equlibrium and current step flow

Return

t_vol_t GlobalFlow::Model::NodeInterfacegetEqFlow()

Calculate the equlibrium lateral flows

Return
eq lateral flow

t_vol_t GlobalFlow::Model::NodeInterfacegetLateralFlows()

Get the current lateral flow

Return

t_vol_t GlobalFlow::Model::NodeInterfacegetLateralOutFlows()

Get the current lateral out flows

Return

Cuts off all heads above surface elevation.

Warning
Should only be used in spinn up phase!
Return
Bool if node was reset

void GlobalFlow::Model::NodeInterfacescaleRiverConduct()

Scales river conduct by 50%.

Warning
Should only be used in spinn up phase

Update the current head change (in comparison to last time step)

Note
Should only be caled at end of timestep

t_vel GlobalFlow::Model::NodeInterfacegetK__pure()
t_vel GlobalFlow::Model::NodeInterfacegetK()

Get hydraulic conductivity.

Return
hydraulic conductivity (scaled by e-folding)

t_vel GlobalFlow::Model::NodeInterfacegetK_vertical()

Get hydraulic vertical conductivity.

Return
hydraulic conductivity scaled by anisotropy (scaled by e-folding)

void GlobalFlow::Model::NodeInterfacesetK(t_vel conduct)

Modify hydraulic conductivity (applied to all layers below)

Parameters
• New: conductivity (if e-folding enabled scaled on layers)

void GlobalFlow::Model::NodeInterfacesetK_direct(t_vel conduct)

Modify hydraulic conductivity (no e-folding, no layers)

Parameters
• New: conductivity

t_c_meter GlobalFlow::Model::NodeInterfacegetOUT()

Get all outflow since simulation start.

t_c_meter GlobalFlow::Model::NodeInterfacegetIN()

Get all inflow since simulation start.

Parameters
• onOFF: true=on Turns all storage equations to zero with no timesteps

t_s_meter GlobalFlow::Model::NodeInterfacegetStorageCapacity()

Storage capacity based on yield or specific storage.

Return
Potential flow budget when multiplied by head change Uses an 0.001m epsilon to determine if a water-table condition is present. If the layer is confined or not in water-table condition returns primary capacity.

ExternalFlow &GlobalFlow::Model::NodeInterfacegetExternalFlowByName(FlowType type)

Get and external flow by its FlowType.

Return
Ref to external flow
Parameters
• type: The flow type
Exceptions
• OutOfRangeException:

t_vol_t GlobalFlow::Model::NodeInterfacegetExternalFlowVolumeByName(FlowType type)

Get and external flow volume by its FlowType.

Return
Flow volume
Parameters
• type: The flow type

t_vol_t GlobalFlow::Model::NodeInterfacegetTotalStorageFlow()

Get flow budget based on head change.

Return
Flow volume Note: Water entering storage is treated as an outflow (-), that is a loss of water from the flow system while water released from storage is treated as inflow (+), that is a source of water to the flow system

t_vol_t GlobalFlow::Model::NodeInterfacecalculateExternalFlowVolume(const ExternalFlow &flow)

Get flow budget of a specific external flows.

Return
Flow volume Note: Water entering storage is treated as an outflow (-), that is a loss of water from the flow system while water released from storage is treated as inflow (+), that is a source of water to the flow system
Parameters
• &flow: A external flow

t_vol_t GlobalFlow::Model::NodeInterfacecalculateDewateredFlow()

Caluclate dewatered flow.

Return
Flow volume per time If a cell is dewatered but below a saturated or partly saturated cell: this calculates the needed additional exchange volume

t_vol_t GlobalFlow::Model::NodeInterfacegetCurrentIN()

Get all current IN flow.

Return
Flow volume

t_vol_t GlobalFlow::Model::NodeInterfacegetCurrentOUT()

Get all current OUT flow.

Return
Flow volume

void GlobalFlow::Model::NodeInterfacesaveMassBalance()

Tell cell to save its flow budget.

void GlobalFlow::Model::NodeInterfacesetNeighbour(large_num ID, NeighbourPosition neighbour)

Parameters
• ID: The internal ID and position in vector
• neighbour: The position relative to the cell

int GlobalFlow::Model::NodeInterfacegetNumofNeighbours()
NodeInterface *GlobalFlow::Model::NodeInterfacegetNeighbour(NeighbourPosition neighbour)

Get a neighbour by position.

Return
Pointer to cell object
Parameters
• neighbour: The position relative to the cell

At an external flow to the cell.

Return
Number assigned by cell to flow
Parameters
• type: The flow type
• cond: The conductance
• bottom: The bottom of the flow (e.g river bottom)

void GlobalFlow::Model::NodeInterfaceremoveExternalFlow(FlowType type)

Remove an external flow to the cell by id.

Parameters
• ID: The flow id

bool GlobalFlow::Model::NodeInterfacehasTypeOfExternalFlow(FlowType type)

Check for an external flow by type.

Return
bool
Parameters
• type: The flow type

void GlobalFlow::Model::NodeInterfaceupdateUniqueFlow(double amount, FlowType flow = RECHARGE)

Updates GW recharge Curently assumes only one recharge as external flow!

Parameters
• amount: The new flow amount

void GlobalFlow::Model::NodeInterfacescaleDynamicRivers(double mult)

Scale dyn rivers for sensitivity

Parameters
• mult:

void GlobalFlow::Model::NodeInterfaceupdateExternalFlowConduct(double amount, FlowType type)

Update wetlands, lakes.

Parameters
• amount:
• type:

Multiplies flow head for Sensitivity An. wetlands, lakes, rivers.

Parameters
• amount:
• type:

void GlobalFlow::Model::NodeInterfaceupdateLakeBottoms(double amount)

Update lake bottoms Used for sensitivity.

Parameters
• amount:

bool GlobalFlow::Model::NodeInterfacehasRiver()

Check for type river.

Return
bool

bool GlobalFlow::Model::NodeInterfacehasOcean()

Check for type ocean.

Return
bool

t_vol_t GlobalFlow::Model::NodeInterfacegetQ()

Get Q part of flow equations.

Return
volume over time

t_s_meter_t GlobalFlow::Model::NodeInterfacegetP()

Get P part of flow equations.

Return
volume over time

Get flow which is not groundwater head dependent.

Return
volume over time Flow can be added to constant flows on right side of the equations If head is above river bottom for example

std::unordered_map<large_num, t_s_meter_t> GlobalFlow::Model::NodeInterfacegetJacobian()

The jacobian entry for the cell (NWT approach)

Return
map <CellID,Conductance>

std::unordered_map<large_num, t_s_meter_t> GlobalFlow::Model::NodeInterfacegetConductance()

The matrix entry for the cell.

Return
map <CellID,Conductance> The left hand side of the equation

t_vol_t GlobalFlow::Model::NodeInterfacegetRHS()

The right hand side of the equation.

Return
volume per time

double GlobalFlow::Model::NodeInterfacegetRHS__NWT()

The right hand side of the equation (NWT)

Return
volume per time

bool GlobalFlow::Model::NodeInterfaceisStaticNode()
PhysicalProperties &GlobalFlow::Model::NodeInterfacegetProperties()
void GlobalFlow::Model::NodeInterfaceenableNWT()
template <typename CompareFunction>
t_vol_t GlobalFlow::Model::NodeInterfacegetNonStorageFlow(CompareFunction compare)

Caluclate non storage related in and out flow.

Return
Flow volume

quantity<Velocity> GlobalFlow::Model::NodeInterfacegetVelocity(map_itter pos)

Calculate the lateral flow velocity

Return
Parameters
• pos:

std::pair<double, double> GlobalFlow::Model::NodeInterfacegetVelocityVector()

Calculate flow velocity for flow tracking Vx and Vy represent the flow velocity in x and y direction. A negative value represents a flow in the oposite direction.

Return
Velocity vector (x,y)

Public Members

bool GlobalFlow::Model::NodeInterfacecached = {false}

Calculated equilibrium flow to neighbouring cells Static thus calculated only once.

Depends on: K in cell and eq_head in all 6 neighbours

t_vol_t GlobalFlow::Model::NodeInterfaceeq_flow = {0 * si::cubic_meter / day}
class GlobalFlow::Model::NodeInterfaceNodeNotFoundException

Inherits from exception

## Simulation¶

Options

class GlobalFlow::Simulation::Options

Reads simulation options from a JSON file Defines getters and setters for options

Public Types

enum GlobalFlow::Simulation::OptionsBoundaryCondition

Values:

Public Functions

void GlobalFlow::Simulation::OptionssetClosingCrit(double crit)
void GlobalFlow::Simulation::OptionssetDamping(bool set)
bool GlobalFlow::Simulation::OptionsisDampingEnabled()
double GlobalFlow::Simulation::OptionsgetMinDamp()
double GlobalFlow::Simulation::OptionsgetMaxDamp()
bool GlobalFlow::Simulation::OptionsisConfined(int layer)
vector<bool> GlobalFlow::Simulation::OptionsgetConfinements()
BoundaryCondition GlobalFlow::Simulation::OptionsgetBoundaryCondition()
bool GlobalFlow::Simulation::OptionsisSensitivity()
bool GlobalFlow::Simulation::OptionsisKFromLith()
bool GlobalFlow::Simulation::OptionsisKOceanFile()
bool GlobalFlow::Simulation::OptionsisSpecificStorageFile()
bool GlobalFlow::Simulation::OptionsisSpecificYieldFile()
bool GlobalFlow::Simulation::OptionsisKRiverFile()
bool GlobalFlow::Simulation::OptionsisAquiferDepthDile()
string GlobalFlow::Simulation::OptionsgetKDir()
string GlobalFlow::Simulation::OptionsgetKRiverDir()
string GlobalFlow::Simulation::OptionsgetKOceanDir()
string GlobalFlow::Simulation::OptionsgetSSDir()
string GlobalFlow::Simulation::OptionsgetSYDir()
string GlobalFlow::Simulation::OptionsgetAQDepthDir()
bool GlobalFlow::Simulation::OptionsisRowCol()
int GlobalFlow::Simulation::OptionsgetInnerItter()
long GlobalFlow::Simulation::OptionsgetNumberOfNodes()
int GlobalFlow::Simulation::OptionsgetNumberOfLayers()
int GlobalFlow::Simulation::OptionsgetMaxIterations()
double GlobalFlow::Simulation::OptionsgetConverganceCriteria()
string GlobalFlow::Simulation::OptionsgetSolverName()
bool GlobalFlow::Simulation::OptionsdisableDryCells()
string GlobalFlow::Simulation::OptionsgetNodesDir()
string GlobalFlow::Simulation::OptionsgetElevation()
string GlobalFlow::Simulation::OptionsgetEfolding()
string GlobalFlow::Simulation::OptionsgetEqWTD()
string GlobalFlow::Simulation::OptionsgetSlope()
string GlobalFlow::Simulation::OptionsgetBlue()
vector<string> GlobalFlow::Simulation::OptionsgetElevation_A()
vector<string> GlobalFlow::Simulation::OptionsgetEfolding_a()
vector<string> GlobalFlow::Simulation::OptionsgetEqWTD_a()
vector<string> GlobalFlow::Simulation::OptionsgetSlope_a()
vector<string> GlobalFlow::Simulation::OptionsgetBlue_a()
string GlobalFlow::Simulation::OptionsgetRecharge()
string GlobalFlow::Simulation::OptionsgetLithology()
string GlobalFlow::Simulation::OptionsgetRivers()
string GlobalFlow::Simulation::OptionsgetGlobalLakes()
string GlobalFlow::Simulation::OptionsgetGlobalWetlands()
string GlobalFlow::Simulation::OptionsgetLocalLakes()
string GlobalFlow::Simulation::OptionsgetLocalWetlands()
string GlobalFlow::Simulation::OptionsgetMapping()
const int GlobalFlow::Simulation::OptionsgetStepsizeModifier()
bool GlobalFlow::Simulation::OptionscacheEnabled()
double GlobalFlow::Simulation::OptionsgetInitialK()
double GlobalFlow::Simulation::OptionsgetOceanConduct()
vector<int> GlobalFlow::Simulation::OptionsgetAquiferDepth()
double GlobalFlow::Simulation::OptionsgetAnisotropy()
double GlobalFlow::Simulation::OptionsgetSpecificYield()
double GlobalFlow::Simulation::OptionsgetSpecificStorage()
void GlobalFlow::Simulation::Optionssave(const std::string &filename)

Simulation

class GlobalFlow::Simulation::Simulation

The simulation class which holds the equation, options and data instance Further contains methods for calulating the mass balance and sensitivity methods TODO: Clean me up!

Public Types

enum GlobalFlow::Simulation::SimulationFlows

Values:

GlobalFlow::Simulation::SimulationRIVERS = 1
GlobalFlow::Simulation::SimulationDRAINS
GlobalFlow::Simulation::SimulationRIVER_MM
GlobalFlow::Simulation::SimulationLAKES
GlobalFlow::Simulation::SimulationWETLANDS
GlobalFlow::Simulation::SimulationGLOBAL_WETLANDS
GlobalFlow::Simulation::SimulationRECHARGE
GlobalFlow::Simulation::SimulationFASTSURFACE
GlobalFlow::Simulation::SimulationNAG
GlobalFlow::Simulation::SimulationSTORAGE

Public Functions

GlobalFlow::Simulation::SimulationSimulation()
Solver::Equation *GlobalFlow::Simulation::SimulationgetEquation()
void GlobalFlow::Simulation::Simulationsave()
std::string GlobalFlow::Simulation::SimulationNodeInfosByID(unsigned long nodeID)

Get basic node information by its id

Return
A string of information
Parameters
• nodeID:

template <int FieldNum>
std::string GlobalFlow::Simulation::SimulationgetFlowSumByIDs(std::array<int, FieldNum> ids)

Get budget per node

Return
Parameters
• ids:

std::string GlobalFlow::Simulation::SimulationNodeFlowsByID(unsigned long nodeID)

Return all external flows seperatly

template <class FunOut, class FunIn>
MassError GlobalFlow::Simulation::SimulationgetError(FunOut fun1, FunIn fun2)

Calulate the mass error

Return
Parameters
• fun1: Function to get OutFlow
• fun2: Function to get InFlow

MassError GlobalFlow::Simulation::SimulationgetMassError()

Get the total mass balance

Return

MassError GlobalFlow::Simulation::SimulationgetCurrentMassError()

Get the mass balance for the current step

Return

double GlobalFlow::Simulation::SimulationgetLossToRivers()

Get the flow lost to external flows

Return

template <class Fun>
MassError GlobalFlow::Simulation::SimulationgetError(Fun fun)

Decide if its an In or Outflow

Return
Parameters
• fun:

string GlobalFlow::Simulation::SimulationgetFlowByName(Flows flow)

Helper function for printing the mass balance for each flow

Return
Parameters
• flow:

void GlobalFlow::Simulation::SimulationprintMassBalances()

Prints all mass balances

const double GlobalFlow::Simulation::SimulationcalcRecharge(const double recharge, const double &area)
NodeVector &GlobalFlow::Simulation::SimulationgetNodes()
void GlobalFlow::Simulation::SimulationscaleByIds(vector<int> ids, string field, double mult)
template <class Fun, class ChangeFunction>
void GlobalFlow::Simulation::SimulationscaleByFunction(Fun fun, ChangeFunction apply)
template <class Fun>
void GlobalFlow::Simulation::SimulationscaleByFunction(Fun fun, string field, double mult)

Helper function for sensitivity

Parameters
• fun:
• field:
• mult:

Expects a file with global_ID, parameter, multiplier Multiplier is log scaled

Return
a vector of node-ids (used to write out heads in correct order)
Parameters
• path: to csv file

Scale values for sensitivity analysis

Parameters
• path:

void GlobalFlow::Simulation::SimulationwriteResiduals(string path)

Get the residuals of the current iteration

Parameters
• path:

template <typename DataArray>
void GlobalFlow::Simulation::SimulationupdateGWRechargeFromWaterGAP(DataArray field, short month, int numberOfGridCells)

Coupling function for WaterGAP

Note
Under development
Parameters
• field:
• month:
• numberOfGridCells:

Public Members

NodeVector GlobalFlow::Simulation::Simulationnodes

Stepper

class GlobalFlow::Simulation::Stepper

holding the simulation iterator

Inherits from GlobalFlow::Simulation::AbstractStepper

Public Functions

GlobalFlow::Simulation::StepperStepper(Solver::Equation *eq, const TimeFrame time, const size_t steps)
virtual Solver::Equation *GlobalFlow::Simulation::Stepperget(int col) const
Iterator GlobalFlow::Simulation::Stepperbegin() const
Iterator GlobalFlow::Simulation::Stepperend() const
const TimeFrame GlobalFlow::Simulation::SteppergetStepSize()

## Solver¶

Equation

class GlobalFlow::Solver::Equation

finite difference equation Should only be accessed through the stepper

Public Types

typedef Eigen::MatrixXd::Scalar GlobalFlow::Solver::EquationScalar
typedef Matrix<Scalar, Dynamic, 1> GlobalFlow::Solver::EquationVectorType

Public Functions

GlobalFlow::Solver::EquationEquation(large_num numberOfNodes, NodeVector nodes, Simulation::Options options)
GlobalFlow::Solver::Equation~Equation()
void GlobalFlow::Solver::Equationsolve()

Solve the current iteration step

Solve Equation

int GlobalFlow::Solver::EquationgetItter()

Return
The number of iterations

double GlobalFlow::Solver::EquationgetError()

Return
The current residual error

GlobalFlow::Solver::EquationEquation(const Equation&)
Equation &GlobalFlow::Solver::Equationoperator=(const Equation&)
VectorXd GlobalFlow::Solver::EquationgetResults()

Toogle the steady-state in all nodes

Return

Set the correct stepsize (default is DAY)

Parameters
• mod:

VectorType GlobalFlow::Solver::EquationgetResiduals()
void GlobalFlow::Solver::EquationupdateClosingCrit(double crit)

Friends

std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &os, Equation &eq)

Helper to write out current residuals

Return
Parameters
• os:
• eq:

The implementation of the steady state-model along with the input data e.g. yearly average recharge, consists of two classes:
1. The main class which implements the Groundwater Interface
2. A data reader implementing the Data Reader Interface, which specifies how to read in the data

Main

class GlobalFlow::GlobalStandaloneRunner

A standalone global steady-state groundwater model.

Inherits from GlobalFlow::GW_Interface

Public Functions

GlobalFlow::GlobalStandaloneRunnerGlobalStandaloneRunner()

Default constructor.

Read general simulation settings e.g. Options

void GlobalFlow::GlobalStandaloneRunnersetupSimulation()

Do additional work required for a running simulation

void GlobalFlow::GlobalStandaloneRunnersimulate()

Simulate/Run the model

void GlobalFlow::GlobalStandaloneRunnerwriteData()

How should the data be written out

Private Functions

set<int> GlobalFlow::GlobalStandaloneRunnergetMapping()

Helper function for arcID mappings.

Return
a set of arcIDs

Private Members

Solver::Equation *GlobalFlow::GlobalStandaloneRunner_eq
Simulation::Options GlobalFlow::GlobalStandaloneRunnerop
Simulation::Simulation GlobalFlow::GlobalStandaloneRunnersim

This class provides methods for loading large input data The paths are specified in the json file in in the data folder.

Public Types

Public Functions

Constructor.

Parameters
• step: Daily, Monthly, …

Entry point for reading simulation data.

Attention
This method needs to be implemented!
Note
readData() is called by simulation at startup
Parameters
• op: Options object

Matrix<int> GlobalFlow::DataProcessing::GlobalDataReaderreadGrid(NodeVector nodes, std::string path, int numberOfNodes, double defaultK, double aquiferDepth, double anisotropy, double specificYield, double specificStorage, bool confined)

Method for already gridded defintions - that is structered in row and column.

Note
Structured in row, col
Return
A Matrix of computational nodes
Parameters
• nodes: Vector of nodes
• path: Path to read definitions from
• numberOfNodes: The number of expected computation nodes
• defaultK: The default conductivity
• aquiferDepth: The default depth per cell
• anisotropy: The default relation of vertical and horizontal conductivity
• specificYield: The default specific yield
• specificStorage: The default specific storage
• confined: If node is part of a confined layer?

int GlobalFlow::DataProcessing::GlobalDataReaderreadLandMask(NodeVector nodes, std::string path, int numberOfNodes, double defaultK, double aquiferDepth, double anisotropy, double specificYield, double specificStorage, bool confined)

Initial readin of node definitions - without col and row.

Note
Without col and row Reads a csv file with x and y coordinates for predefined grid of cells
Return
Parameters
• nodes: Vector of nodes
• path: Path to read definitions from
• numberOfNodes: The number of expected computation nodes
• defaultK: The default conductivity
• aquiferDepth: The default depth per cell
• anisotropy: The default relation of vertical and horizontal conductivity
• specificYield: The default specific yield
• specificStorage: The default specific storage
• confined: If node is part of a confined layer?

Read in a custom defintion for the ocean boundary.

Parameters
• path: Where to read from

Read in a custom river defintion file Structured as: global_ID, Head, Bottom, Conduct.

Parameters
• path: Where to read the file from

Read elevation data from a specified path Used for multiple files.

Note
!Uses setElevation() function. Should only be called after all layers are build as it affects layers below
Parameters
• path: Where to read the file from
• files: If different files for different regions are given

Read elevation data from a specified path.

Note
!Uses setElevation() function. Should only be called after all layers are build as it affects layers below
Parameters
• path: Where to read the file from

Read slope data from a specified path.

Parameters
• path: Where to read the file from
• files: If different files for different regions are given

Read e-folding data from a specified path.

Parameters
• path: Where to read the file from
• files: If different files for different regions are given

Read equilibrium water-table information used for the dynamic river computation.

Parameters
• path: Where to read the file from

Parameters
• path: Where to read the file from

Note
currently does check if val > 10 m/day
Parameters
• path: Where to read the file from

template <typename ConversionFunction>

Read difuse groundwater recharge from a file and map the value using a conversion function.

Template Parameters
• ConversionFunction: Allows the dynamic recalcualtion of recharge base don cell area
Parameters
• path: Where to read the file from
• convertToRate: The conversion function

Helper function for.

See
Return
a map of bankfull depth, stream width, and lenght
Parameters
• path: Where to read the file from

Reads in river defintions based on a specific elevation data-set.

See
calulateRiverStage
Parameters
• bankfull_depth: A map with addition information

Reads in lakes and wetlands defintions based on Lehner and Döll.

Parameters
• pathGlobalLakes:
• pathGlobalWetlands:
• pathLokalLakes:
• pathLokalWetlands:

Adds an evapotraspiration module to cells.

A drainage component similar to de Graaf 2014.

Version 3, 29 June 2007

Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. http://fsf.org/ Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.

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1. Acceptance Not Required for Having Copies.

You are not required to accept this License in order to receive or run a copy of the Program. Ancillary propagation of a covered work occurring solely as a consequence of using peer-to-peer transmission to receive a copy likewise does not require acceptance. However, nothing other than this License grants you permission to propagate or modify any covered work. These actions infringe copyright if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by modifying or propagating a covered work, you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so.

1. Automatic Licensing of Downstream Recipients.

Each time you convey a covered work, the recipient automatically receives a license from the original licensors, to run, modify and propagate that work, subject to this License. You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties with this License.

An “entity transaction” is a transaction transferring control of an organization, or substantially all assets of one, or subdividing an organization, or merging organizations. If propagation of a covered work results from an entity transaction, each party to that transaction who receives a copy of the work also receives whatever licenses to the work the party’s predecessor in interest had or could give under the previous paragraph, plus a right to possession of the Corresponding Source of the work from the predecessor in interest, if the predecessor has it or can get it with reasonable efforts.

You may not impose any further restrictions on the exercise of the rights granted or affirmed under this License. For example, you may not impose a license fee, royalty, or other charge for exercise of rights granted under this License, and you may not initiate litigation (including a cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that any patent claim is infringed by making, using, selling, offering for sale, or importing the Program or any portion of it.

1. Patents.

A “contributor” is a copyright holder who authorizes use under this License of the Program or a work on which the Program is based. The work thus licensed is called the contributor’s “contributor version”.

A contributor’s “essential patent claims” are all patent claims owned or controlled by the contributor, whether already acquired or hereafter acquired, that would be infringed by some manner, permitted by this License, of making, using, or selling its contributor version, but do not include claims that would be infringed only as a consequence of further modification of the contributor version. For purposes of this definition, “control” includes the right to grant patent sublicenses in a manner consistent with the requirements of this License.

Each contributor grants you a non-exclusive, worldwide, royalty-free patent license under the contributor’s essential patent claims, to make, use, sell, offer for sale, import and otherwise run, modify and propagate the contents of its contributor version.

In the following three paragraphs, a “patent license” is any express agreement or commitment, however denominated, not to enforce a patent (such as an express permission to practice a patent or covenant not to sue for patent infringement). To “grant” such a patent license to a party means to make such an agreement or commitment not to enforce a patent against the party.

If you convey a covered work, knowingly relying on a patent license, and the Corresponding Source of the work is not available for anyone to copy, free of charge and under the terms of this License, through a publicly available network server or other readily accessible means, then you must either (1) cause the Corresponding Source to be so available, or (2) arrange to deprive yourself of the benefit of the patent license for this particular work, or (3) arrange, in a manner consistent with the requirements of this License, to extend the patent license to downstream recipients. “Knowingly relying” means you have actual knowledge that, but for the patent license, your conveying the covered work in a country, or your recipient’s use of the covered work in a country, would infringe one or more identifiable patents in that country that you have reason to believe are valid.

If, pursuant to or in connection with a single transaction or arrangement, you convey, or propagate by procuring conveyance of, a covered work, and grant a patent license to some of the parties receiving the covered work authorizing them to use, propagate, modify or convey a specific copy of the covered work, then the patent license you grant is automatically extended to all recipients of the covered work and works based on it.

A patent license is “discriminatory” if it does not include within the scope of its coverage, prohibits the exercise of, or is conditioned on the non-exercise of one or more of the rights that are specifically granted under this License. You may not convey a covered work if you are a party to an arrangement with a third party that is in the business of distributing software, under which you make payment to the third party based on the extent of your activity of conveying the work, and under which the third party grants, to any of the parties who would receive the covered work from you, a discriminatory patent license (a) in connection with copies of the covered work conveyed by you (or copies made from those copies), or (b) primarily for and in connection with specific products or compilations that contain the covered work, unless you entered into that arrangement, or that patent license was granted, prior to 28 March 2007.

Nothing in this License shall be construed as excluding or limiting any implied license or other defenses to infringement that may otherwise be available to you under applicable patent law.

1. No Surrender of Others’ Freedom.

If conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot convey a covered work so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may not convey it at all. For example, if you agree to terms that obligate you to collect a royalty for further conveying from those to whom you convey the Program, the only way you could satisfy both those terms and this License would be to refrain entirely from conveying the Program.

1. Use with the GNU Affero General Public License.

Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, you have permission to link or combine any covered work with a work licensed under version 3 of the GNU Affero General Public License into a single combined work, and to convey the resulting work. The terms of this License will continue to apply to the part which is the covered work, but the special requirements of the GNU Affero General Public License, section 13, concerning interaction through a network will apply to the combination as such.

1. Revised Versions of this License.

The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of the GNU General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.

Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program specifies that a certain numbered version of the GNU General Public License “or any later version” applies to it, you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that numbered version or of any later version published by the Free Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of the GNU General Public License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software Foundation.

If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future versions of the GNU General Public License can be used, that proxy’s public statement of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you to choose that version for the Program.

1. Disclaimer of Warranty.

THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM “AS IS” WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.

1. Limitation of Liability.

IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR CONVEYS THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.

1. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16.

If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms, reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a copy of the Program in return for a fee.

END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS

## How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs¶

If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.

To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the “copyright” line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.

<one line to give the program’s name and a brief idea of what it does.> Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>

This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.

This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.

If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode:

<program> Copyright (C) <year> <name of author> This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type show w. This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it under certain conditions; type show c for details.

The hypothetical commands show w and show c should show the appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of course, your program’s commands might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an “about box”.

You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school, if any, to sign a “copyright disclaimer” for the program, if necessary. For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see http://www.gnu.org/licenses/.

The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General Public License instead of this License. But first, please read http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html.